Elisabeth Bishop’s poem “The Fish” Essay

Elizabeth Bishop’s sonnet The Fish portrays the changing demeanor of the speaker towards the fish. To start with, the fish is portrayed as antiquated and grizzled, giving indications of death and rot. In any case, after looking into it further, the fish is described as an overcomer of numerous fights. Using metaphorical language, the artist shows the speaker’s move from taking note of just the fish’s despondency to appreciating him for his past wonders. Religious administrator starts with the embodiment of the fish into a figure of annihilation and age. The speaker makes reference to that the fish had not battled by any means, like he had surrendered all expectation. She thinks about the fish’s skin to old backdrop which would not be safely connected to the divider as skin loses solidness with age. What's more, Bishop subtleties the degree of the fish’s wounds, everything from lice and barnacles to the new blood of his injuries. Such symbolism conjures sentiments of rot and deserting as parasites are permitted to gradually expend him. The speaker additionally thinks about the fish’s innards, proposing that his has gotten a mass of fragile living creature and bone without soul. The speaker facilitates the embodiment of the fish by investigating his eyes and commenting that he had not thought back completely. Rather, the fish had just moved his gaze a little towards the light, further proposing absence of will while giving the fish a human sentiment of disheartening. Not thinking about the essence of his winner, the fish just looks to stand up to death, spoke to by the light that he turns towards. The emphasis on the fish’s physical structure means the fish’s absence of soul yet it is this very dormancy that gives the fish the human feelings of lack of care and sadness. Through the embodiment of the fish, the writer shows the speaker’s projection of absence of soul and expectation onto the fish. Conversely, the speaker’s disclosure of past guides imbedded into the fish’s mouth gives him the persona of a fallen war legend who has endure numerous fights before. The speaker’s recognition at that point changes from one of dormancy to one of fortitude and activity, meant by the appreciation in the speaker’s tone. After observing the frayed lines, she utilizes action words of activity and battle as she envisions the fish battling and breaking the line. Thus,â the poet’s correlation of the lines to strips encourages the fish’s appearance as a legend holding the decorations of his triumph. The further correlation of the string to a facial hair of astuteness shows the speaker’s deference of the fish’s gathering of understanding through time. The creator at that point clarifies that he pontoon become loaded up with triumph in the presence of a rainbow. A rainbow can be related with triumph and endurance, as the watcher can appreciate the tranquility after a tempest, frequently a scene of turmoil and potential brutality particularly joined with the vessel setting. Through survey the remaining parts of the past battles that the fish has confronted, the speaker’s impression of the fish transforms him from a being in decrease to the endurance of past fights. In The Fish, Bishop changes an old fish the speaker got into a magnificent figure of respect. Religious administrator utilizes exemplification and analogies to set up the fish as disheartened and ailing in soul. Be that as it may, the speaker’s discernment changes and tone is especially a greater amount of profound respect while imagery is included as the remaining parts of the fish’s battle become the trophies of triumph. By utilizing embodiment and imagery, Bishop utilizes metaphorical language to indicate the speaker’s changing comprehension of the fish.

The Planning Idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Planning Idea - Essay Example The fundamental element in arranging is ceaseless correspondence. The arranging procedure is tremendous and joins different fields, for example, financial aspects, condition, and building (Fincher and Iverson 5). This paper will investigate the issue of urban arranging and talk about arranging speculations. Arranging includes both arrangement and physical arranging. When arranging, social and social impacts ought to likewise be thought of and facilitated. The arranging hypothesis adds to the advancement of arranging rehearses in three different ways. One is the philosophical way that includes planners’ inclusion in the arranging practice. The second is the adaption way which incorporates the elements that effect or breaking point arranging rehearses like time and multifaceted nature of the arrangement (Hall 4). The third one is the interpretation way that consolidates abilities, thoughts and information from various fields into the arrangement. There are four sorts of arranging speculations. Arranging hypothesis depends on down to earth understanding and has its attention on a specific culture or country. Hypothesis two proposes arranging systems to organizers which they can utilize while settling on or aiding plan choices. Third is the hypothesis that centers around the subjects and objects of the arrangement. The fourth hypothesis fuses all the three speculations of arranging and clarifies the subtleties of arranging practice. The arranging hypothesis keeps on assuming a fundamental job of developing in light of the dynamic cultural needs (Friend and Hickling 3). Urban arranging hypothesis has confronted analysis from scholastics and specialists as being befuddled and unfeasible. Arranging capacities have assumed a urgent job in light of the consistently changing society needs and necessities. Many arranging speculations had disregarded the enthusiasm of natural protection. They had overlooked the open intrigue and created sub-par results. They have disregarded the significance of decent variety and condition preservation. My own hypothesis will take into

Give Examples of Needs Wants and Demands That Build-a-Bear Custom

1. Needs ,Wants and Demands That Build-A â€Bear clients illustrate. Needs it is the point at which each client of Build-A-Bear needs a stuff toy when they buy from the store. It is the essential item that Build-A-Bear must create. Needs those are the alternatives of the client to redo the stuff toy or the item like the dress me filled adornments aplenty, name me where a birth testament is made with youngster chose name and embellishments utilizing the cutting edge accessible. Requests these are needs of the clients where they solicitation to Build-A-Bear. It is the choice of Build-A-Bear to set to cook the expectations of the customer.BUILD A BEAR’S ACTIONS : Customers’ requirements for toys are fulfilled through selling plush toys and bears. To satisfy customers’ needs to have a one of a kind toy or bear, they have made a domain where which is an animation land or a dream where their ideal toys can be produced without anyone else. To satisfy the customersâ₠¬â„¢ need of adding accomplices to their self made toy, Build A Bear offers various extras which raises the cost of the toy. A client will include just as much extras as its purchasing power. 2. In detail, portray all of Build-A-Bear’s item. What is being traded in a Build-A-Bear transaction?FACETS OF BUILD A BEAR PRODUCT: The eight features are formed into eight workstation through which their toy is prepared bit by bit with the assistance of laborers. The features are: a) CHOOSE ME: Where clients select a creature of his decision to be full. b) STUFF ME: They blow in the stuffing as much as he/she needs. c) HEAR ME: Where the client includes a voice box. d) STITCH ME: Where the youngster lines the creature shut. e) FLUFF ME:Here blow drying spa treatment is finished. f) DRESS ME: The creature is dressed here. g) NAME ME: At this point the birth authentication of the toy is made in the name of†¦ [continues] Give Examples of Needs Wants and Demands That Build-a-Bear Custom 1. Needs ,Wants and Demands That Build-A â€Bear clients illustrate. Needs it is the point at which each client of Build-A-Bear needs a stuff toy when they buy from the store. It is the fundamental item that Build-A-Bear must create. Needs those are the choices of the client to redo the stuff toy or the item like the dress me filled adornments aplenty, name me where a birth authentication is made with youngster chose name and extras utilizing the cutting edge accessible. Requests these are needs of the clients where they solicitation to Build-A-Bear. It is the alternative of Build-A-Bear to set to provide food the expectations of the customer.BUILD A BEAR’S ACTIONS : Customers’ requirements for toys are fulfilled through selling soft toys and bears. To satisfy customers’ needs to have a one of a kind toy or bear, they have made a situation where which is an animation land or a dream where their ideal toys can be made without anyone else. To satisfy the customer s’ need of adding accomplices to their self made toy, Build A Bear offers various extras which raises the cost of the toy. A client will include just as much embellishments as its purchasing power. 2. In detail, portray all of Build-A-Bear’s item. What is being traded in a Build-A-Bear transaction?FACETS OF BUILD A BEAR PRODUCT: The eight aspects are molded into eight workstation through which their toy is handled bit by bit with the assistance of laborers. The features are: a) CHOOSE ME: Where clients select a creature of his decision to be full. b) STUFF ME: They blow in the stuffing as much as he/she needs. c) HEAR ME: Where the client includes a voice box. d) STITCH ME: Where the kid fastens the creature shut. e) FLUFF ME:Here blow drying spa treatment is finished. f) DRESS ME: The creature is dressed here. g) NAME ME: At this point the birth declaration of the toy is made in the name of†¦ [continues]

Language competition in the Tongue Essay

Learning a subsequent language has been demonstrated to be a beneficial encounter to numerous people from various countries over the world who needed to take part in world undertakings and productive remote correspondences regardless of the challenges that they experienced in the underlying advances they took in finishing the second language course. A few etymologists have noticed that the phonetic excursion to gain proficiency with a subsequent language becomes troublesome when the student intellectually engages ideas that the subsequent language will be incredibly hard to comprehend, and will be practically difficult to use in every day discussions. Luckily, some second language instructors know this sort of dread so they train the students to trust in themselves and permit the experience of learning a subsequent language to be however much fun as could be expected. In any case, no inspiration can change the way that learning a subsequent language isn't generally simple. The uplifting news is the assignment isn't difficult to accomplish by any stretch of the imagination. One can become familiar with a second language when one is resolved to do as such. What could make realizing a second language simpler is consistently the degree of excitement and ability to rehearse and defeat the troubles in learning. Learning a subsequent language presents three layers of challenges: 1. ) flexing the old tongue to be comfortable with the phonology of the new dialect, 2. ) expressing the phonemes and morphemes of the new dictionary without impedance from the principal language, and at last, 3. ) having the option to utilize the new dictionary accurately in sentences and discussions. In the first place, the phonology is watched, and afterward consumed by the student. Phonology is the investigation of the sound arrangement of a given language and the examination and characterization of its phonemes?. People start to see phonemes of their first language even before one arrives at a year old. This arrangement of sounds is held to memory and utilized for the duration of one’s life except if a subsequent language is presented. Normally, the primary language will meddle with the discernment and articulation of the new phonemes at the underlying phase of learning in light of the fact that the main phonemes have just been unequivocally settled in the piece of the cerebrum that procedures sounds and discourse. After some time, and through steady introduction to and practice of the subsequent language, the new phonemes will have its place in the memory and will be prepared by the cerebrum in a particular way. The time that it would take for the phonemes of the subsequent language to be completely autonomous from the main phonemes shifts from individual to individual, explicitly from one’s eagerness to learn. A few students never move beyond the covering phonemes of at least two dialects in their discernment, while the individuals who invest more energy can recognize and communicate one from another. After the phonemes comes the morphemes, the littlest units of discourse that pass on importance.? Preceding utilizing the second language in discussions one must be even somewhat recognizable to certain morphemes. At the underlying phase of learning morphemes of the subsequent language, one will at first meet impedance by the main language. This idea †? As characterized in www. hyperdictionary. com. ? www. hyperdictionary. com. of etymological impedance is called code-blending. Code-blending is the utilization of components (phonological, lexical, morphosyntactic) from two dialects in a similar articulation or stretch of discussion (Genesee and Nicoladi 12). It is likewise typical among bilinguals, as they use code blending to change their mind in learning the new dictionary, utilizing the main language as perspective, not really or quickly purpose of interpretation. In the end, students accumulate more words into their memory and later become skilled in recognizing one code from the other. Morphemes ought not shield the student from attempting to get familiar with the second language since this stage will characterize the last stage in learning a subsequent language, its real use in complete reasonable sentences. The third layer of trouble in learning a subsequent language is really utilizing the new dialect in sentences and discussions. It is normal that students of a subsequent language would battle with morphemes, as talked about above. The way where students change in accordance with learning morphemes ought to likewise be applied to abstain from submitting morphological overgeneralization in the new dialect. Morphological overgeneralization is failure to recognize the various manners by which linguistic principles apply contrastingly in at least two dialects. It very well may be found in some English language students who may at first lean toward non-limited structures (e. g. , she go) before they utilize limited (e. g. , she goes) shapes in their expression and composed sentences. For all intents and purposes, this is an issue under linguistic mistakes. In any case, since it is secured by the morphology of the new dialect that is attempting to be assimilated and tried, the blunder gets named morphological overgeneralization (Paradis and Genesee, 2). Another case of morphological overgeneralization is accidentally applying vocabulary language twice in an expression or sentence. For example, language students who realize that the past tense of â€Å"halt† is â€Å"halted† are probably going to overlook in the beginning times of their learning procedure that there are a few exclusions in adding â€Å"-ed† to show the past tense. To give a particular model, the past tense of â€Å"go† is â€Å"went;† yet a few students may utilize â€Å"wented† in their discourse. Educators and coaches of second language students must be amazingly tolerant and imaginative in their activity. On the off chance that they give more insights regarding the language and more models for normal use, at that point the students will have a ton of fun in learning. Then again, students of a subsequent language should discover motivation from outsiders over the world who set out to concentrate new dialects and are currently equipped bilinguals or multilinguals. References: Genesee, F. , and Nicoladis, E. (2006). Bilingual securing. In E. Hoff and M. Shatz (eds. ), Handbook of Language Development, Oxford, Eng. : Blackwell. Online Dictionary. 12 Mar 2007. http://www. hyperdictionary. com Paradis, J. and Genesee, F. (1996). Syntactic obtaining in bilingual kids: Autonomous or reliant? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 1-2.

Managing Across Cultures Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Overseeing Across Cultures - Assignment Example Geert Hofstede was a humanist in a worldwide enterprise (Hofstede, 1991; Hofstede and Peterson, 2000). He had investigated and characterized the way of life into five sections which would help in understanding different societies well. They are given underneath: Individualism and Collectivism: In some culture, they stress on staying exclusively while in some different gatherings, they lean toward remaining in gatherings. In the event that an association intends to extend in a nation which is individualistic in nature, at that point the gathering conduct of the association may get contrarily influenced by the social conduct of the country. Force Distance: The piece of the way of life which manages the dispersion of the hierarchical force is known as force separation. It is the degree to which the authoritative individuals with lesser authority acknowledge the way that force is disseminated inconsistent. On the off chance that the new representatives, who might be recruited in the busi ness after its development, couldn't acknowledge the inconsistent conveyance of intensity, at that point it may prompt diminished work effectiveness or expanded worker turnover rate. Vulnerability shirking: It is the resistance for the vulnerability or uncertainty. It speaks to the degree to which the individuals adapt up to the nervousness by limiting vulnerability. Individuals having a place with societies with high vulnerability evasion will in general be exceptionally enthusiastic. ... The drawn out arranged social orders for the most part center around the drawn out future while making any arrangements. Then again, the transient direction social orders center around the momentary future during dynamic. As culture is depicted as the acquired ideas, qualities or methods of living that are shared by the people of same social gathering, it holds a significance in each part of the business execution. The way of life of a country manufactures the individual societies of the individuals having a place in it. Any business which extends its activities in another country will undoubtedly confront distinctive social qualities. This social assorted variety may adversely just as decidedly sway the exhibition of the business. The way of life is supposed to be dynamic in nature as it changes with the time. This adjustment in the way of life may prompt the ascent of a few clashes. The field related with the board is changing and advancing in a consistent way with rise of new ways and procedures of dealing with the associations and their representatives (Abo, 1994). Heap techniques and hypotheses of the board have been built up for expanding the operational effectiveness of the associations and their representatives. A large portion of the cutting edge the executives speculations or models are gotten from the social viewpoints (Hofstede, 1980). These speculations have been intended for building up and augmenting the accomplishment just as the profitability of the supervisors, representatives and furthermore, the associations. These hypotheses and techniques speak to the social personality of the workers and supervisors. Numerous analysts recommend that endeavoring to build up or actualize the board rehearses without thinking about the authoritative culture, regularly prompts disappointment of such practices. In such cases,

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumter Fort Sumter, fortification, built 1829â€"60, on a shoal at the entrance to the harbor of Charleston, S.C., and named for Gen. Thomas Sumter ; scene of the opening engagement of the Civil War. Upon passing the Ordinance of Secession (Dec., 1860), South Carolina demanded all federal property within the state, particularly the forts of Charleston harborâ€"Fort Sumter, Fort Moultrie, and Castle Pinckney. On Dec. 26, 1860, Major Robert Anderson removed his U.S. army command of about 100 men from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, a stronger defensive site. Gov. F. W. Pickens of South Carolina had the other two forts, along with the Charleston arsenal, seized, and upon the refusal of President James Buchanan to order Anderson's evacuation, had guns trained on Fort Sumter. On Jan. 9, 1861, an unarmed merchant ship sent to reinforce the fort's garrison was driven back by the South Carolina forces. Pickens's subsequent formal demand for the fort's surrender was declined, and South Carolina prepa red to reduce Anderson's stronghold. Pickens hoped to secure the fort before Abraham Lincoln took office, but in Feb., 1861, the newly organized Confederate government assumed the state's part in the controversy, sending Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard to command Charleston. On Apr. 8, 1861, Pickens received Lincoln's notice that a naval expedition would be sent to provision the beleaguered garrison. On Apr. 11, Beauregard called for Anderson's surrender, but the demand was again refused. After a 34-hour Confederate bombardment, begun at 4:30 AM on Apr. 12, Anderson accepted terms, and on Apr. 14 the garrison departed with the honors of war. Although no one was killed, the action made manifest the belligerent spirit in both the North and the South. In 1863, Union naval attacks on the fort were thoroughly repulsed. After Sherman forced the evacuation of Charleston, the U.S. flag was again raised over the fort by Anderson on Apr. 14, 1865. Fort Sumter became a national monument in 1948; Fort Moultrie is part of the monument. See National Parks and Monuments , table. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Let Me Not To the Marriage of True Minds - Literature Essay Samples

The theme of Love’s constancy and everlasting nature permeates each line of Shakespeare’s 116th sonnet. Sonnet 116 â€Å"is about love in its most ideal form, praising the glories of lovers who have come to each other freely, and enter into a relationship based on trust and understanding† (Mabillard). It attempts to define love by stating both what it is and what it is not. According to T.G. Tucker, Shakespeare strongly supported the idea of marriage and even alludes to a marriage service with his word play in the first two lines of the work. Those lines are â€Å"echoes of The Book of Common Prayer†: â€Å"If any of you know cause, or just impediment, why these two persons should not be joined together in holy matrimony, ye are to declare it† (Davies). The sonnet’s first quatrain introduce the theme of true, steadfast love. The first two lines explain that true love, the â€Å"marriage of true minds†, does not â€Å"admit impedim ents† or change when a loved one changes; thus, it is unconditional. The third and fourth lines inform the reader what love is not. It does not â€Å"bend† or waver when faced with external pressures such as temptation from other lovers, and it is not changeable (Sonnet). While the first quatrain states what love is not, the second quatrain focuses on what love is. Until this point in the sonnet, Shakespeare’s language and diction have been simple and relatively unremarkable. The second quatrain, however, consists of a major metaphor comparing love to â€Å"an ever-fixed mark†, or a star that guides every lost ship safely through the â€Å"tempests† and is â€Å"never shaken†. The word â€Å"mark† is actually defined as â€Å"a beacon to warn mariners of dangerous rocks† (Mabillard). With this translation, the author portrays love as an unshakeable and invincible constant that is fully aware of all dangers awaiting a trave ler, as well as a beacon, guiding the voyager onwards (Let). Furthermore, this constant prevents the navigator of life’s ship from becoming the subject of any harm, ultimately putting itself in the face of danger to protect the beloved traveler. â€Å"Tempests†, or storms to a ship also symbolize the storms that may take place within a relationship, showing that true love â€Å"is a steady eye that looks upon troubles and does not lose faith† in the relationship (Explanation).In line eight, the speaker states that this love’s value is unfathomable. It cannot be measured by human means, like height or stars, and is thus beyond human comprehension. The author’s interpretation of true love is practically â€Å"cerebral†, and therefore remains a mystery because love’s actual worth cannot be known (Mabillard). The final quatrain begins with another powerful yet simple statement: â€Å"Love’s not Time’s fool†. The weight of this opening transcends to the reader a sense of passion the speaker must be feeling. The rhythm and varied tone in the poem, however, are balanced, keeping the flow from appearing too heavy, and instead adding to the beauty of the sonnet. This quatrain continues to tell the reader what love is not. Love is not â€Å"subject to change in the passage of time† (Sonnet), but â€Å"outlasts time itself in spite of physical beauty being diminished by time† (Davies). It is also important to note that time is capitalized in this line, signifying the importance of the argument and the role Time plays. Line ten consists of the speaker stating that beauty will bend â€Å"within his sickle’s compass come†. This may refer to the previous metaphor of the second quatrain, in which Love is portrayed as a constant star, guiding one throughout life. The compass’s sickle is similar in that it also serves as a guide for the lost ship to return to a safe haven. Or perhaps the â€Å"sickle† (a bent blade or arc) is that of the Grim Reaper, a popular symbol portraying death and the passage of time. Since beauty is â€Å"portrayed as bending contrary to true love’s unbending character† (Davies), this line may also be taken to refer to the Grim Reaper’s sickle that â€Å"ravages beauty’s rosy lips and cheeks† (Sonnet). Love may fall into this Reaper’s arc, but although physical attractiveness diminishes, true love will not. In line eleven, the word â€Å"alter† appears for the third time, reiterating the clearly significant point that love is completely unconditional and does not depend on circumstances. The simplicity and directness of this line is what makes the point so dramatic; this love is extreme, it will not change with hours and weeks, and is not temporary. The final line of the third quatrain goes beyond human comprehension. The love that the author speaks of , true love, will overcome and outlast death, â€Å"even to the edge of doom† because it is unchangeable, permanent, and even immortal. In the sonnet’s closing couplet, the speaker announces rather bluntly that he is certain all he writes is correct. â€Å"It insists that this ideal is the only love that can be called true† (Sonnet), and leaves no room for compromise. Love will either bear all these qualities and values, or it is simply not love at all; there is no middle ground. If error is found in his statements, then he declares he does not know what he is writing about, has never written a word, and lastly, that no man could have ever loved. This poem is the â€Å"extreme ideal of romantic love†. Nothing can change or harm it, it will not fade with time, it isn’t subject to death, and it will admit no flaw (Sonnet). The way Shakespeare has utilized rhythm and variation of time, and how he has framed the passion of the poem into the disc iplined rhetorical structure of the sonnet (Sonnet), adds an essential key to the impact the poet’s words impress upon the reader. The sonnet uses three quatrains, each with a powerful opening remark to make three arguments about true love, giving an almost legalistic appeal about true love’s nature. The distinct division of each quatrain also gives a natural pause to reflect on what has been said before shifting to the next idea. The poem, ironically, uses simple words and phrases and states no new idea about love. This proves that it isn’t necessarily what Shakespeare says, but how he phrases his thoughts that add to the total effect. Because the poem has so many simple statements, it dramatically contrasts major metaphor and imagery with the prominent simple diction of the rest of the poem.Shakespeare concludes Sonnet 116 with typical irony. However, the use of â€Å"three negatives (never, nor, no) stack to create a definitive closing, heightened by th e sonnet’s rhymed couplet† (Explanation).Shakespeare’s purpose in writing the sonnet is to inform the reader what does and does not constitute true love, making several points throughout the work. The sonnet’s theme revolves around the idea of Love’s constancy and how genuinely true love does not waver in the face of outside pressures (Davies). This central idea is displayed by the author’s specific statements, as well as the lone metaphor consisting of â€Å"an ever-fixed mark† and â€Å"the star to every wandering bark†. The fact that Shakespeare chooses to compare true love to a fixed star guiding a lost ship symbolizes that only a faithful, constant relationship can be classified as true love. Yet it’s also important to note that the author included his one, striking image (Time’s bending sickle) for good reason. Within the passage, this one instance of imagery reinforces a complementary idea to the central theme of Love’s constancy; that is, the idea of Time and the role it plays in determining if love is real. For the author states, â€Å"Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks within his bending sickle’s compass come†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which emphasizes that â€Å"Time triumphs over flesh, and Love over all† (Let). Though physical beauty is at the mercy of time, true love is not.It is important to point out the fact that there are indeed other interpretations of Sonnet 116 that offer a contrast to the central idea agreed upon by many criticisms. For instance, Walker states that Shakespeare’s sonnet revolves around â€Å"insecurity about the nature of change in human love† and that the work represents a â€Å"dark, repressed underside of the unassailable affirmation of a mature, self-giving love†. Furthermore, this affirmation may be seen as a kind of â€Å"bad faith† or â€Å"false dread†, because love should not be seen as immortal, but quite possible of succumbing to death (Walker). Though this opinion is reasonable, it cannot compete with the fact that the sonnet â€Å"burns with emotion and love† and echoes the idea of Love’s constancy (Let).In closing, Shakespeare has written a sonnet informing the reader of Love in its truest form. His thoughts are expressed through usage of unique phrasing, simple diction, and two dramatic forms of figurative language. The central ideas of the poem ring of Love’s constancy and the passage of Time. In short, Shakespeare has produced a poem which has about it no strangeness whatsoever except the strangeness of perfection (Mabillard).

University of Hawaii at Hilo SAT Scores, Costs More

Ursinus College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores

A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to...

A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† In this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelical school. Though Owen rejected most of his beliefs by 1913 the influence of his education still remains evident in his poems and their themes of sacrifice, biblical language and his vivid, frightening description of hell. One of the main influences†¦show more content†¦At this time they are not in close proximity of the guns and do not yet know that this charge is nothing short of suicide, Tennyson uses the metaphor â€Å"into the valley of death† to show that despite the soldiers not knowing it yet many of them will die in the battle ahead. The reference to the â€Å"valley of death† is repeated throughout the poem, it serves as an allusion to the twenty third psalm of the bible which states â€Å"Even where I walk through a valley of deepest darkness I should fear no harm, for you (God) are with me† I believe t his is extremely relevant to the situation of the soldiers as they must face death itself. The reference to a valley also gives the illusion of the soldiers being surrounded on each side, implying that the only way to go is forward. The words â€Å"Rode the six hundred† are repeated to emphasise that at this point the light brigade has suffered no loss. In the second Stanza the soldiers continue their charge although start to have doubts about what they are doing. The point is stressed that the soldiers have no choice but to follow the orders that they have been given, without question â€Å"Their’s not to reason why, Their’s but to do and die†. The third stanza depicts the soldiers surrounded by guns â€Å"Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them† yet valiantly riding onwards â€Å"Into the mouth of death, into the jaws of hell† these two phrases use personification to depict death itselfShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead MorePoem, The Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum Est1841 Words   |  8 Pagespoems, The Charge of The Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum Est, both deal with an idea of war. The writers both have the same viewpoint about war, but the way that they articulate those ideas on paper varies. Through literary devices in the poems, the authors show two different wars, but the same tragic outcome – death. These two poems showcase how people can have different outlooks on war, but in the end they all end with the same deadly outcome. These writers, Wilfred Owen and Alfred Lord TennysonRead MorePoetry Comparison Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Comparison There have been many wars throughout time. Most people learn the facts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was writtenRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagespeople have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagespeople have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studi ed, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead More Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war before

Behavioral Challenges Client From Field - 2181 Words

Behavioral Challenges Client from Field The Client is a 17-year-old African American female who was removed from her mother’s care in 2013, and resides in a residential treatment program under the custody of the state. The client currently attends a special education school due to a speech impediment and behavioral disturbances. The client was referred to the screening center on this occasion after running out of the school building and threatening to run out into traffic as a suicide attempt. The client’s teacher mocked her speech impediment in front of the entire class, which triggered aggression and suicidal ideations. The client threw a soda at the teacher, and was put into a physical restraint, but when she was able to break free,†¦show more content†¦Youth who were removed from their families are not only exposed to being separated from caregivers, but there also can be issues concerning physical and emotional trauma, as well as genetic factors that could alter a person’s mood and behav ior (Rutter, 2000). Elevated behavioral issues amongst youth receiving residential care are extremely common and there are multiple studies that identify behavioral difficulties as a primary characteristic (James, Roesch, Zhang, 2011). The behavioral concerns that this population presents with could hinder them from actually being placed, and interfere with successfully discharging from the group home. It should be noted that being of an older age group during admission into the foster care setting, and having history of juvenile delinquency and behavioral disturbances within the first couple of months of living in a residential setting, automatically correlates with unsuccessful discharges (Piotrkowski Baker, 2004). According to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System, in 2014 there were 415,129 minors in foster care by the end of September and 264,746 minors who entered the foster care system within the fiscal year (UDHHS, 2015). There were 107,918 children wh o were waiting to be adopted at the end of September, 2014 (UDHHS, 2015). Of those children, there were approximately 14,000 of them who entered the foster care system between the ages of 11-17 years old, which gives these children an increased

Managing High Performance Work Teams Free Essays

Relationship to Management In order to facilitate optimal efficiency in an organization, there are a lot of factors to consider first like the financial stability, economic and market stability, and internal stability. As for the scope of this paper, all of the discussion will give emphasis on the role of internal stability on the success of an organization.  Internal stability may originate on how well the key persons of an organization work with respect to one another, like for instance, the organizational structure or the type of managerial strategy that is being implemented by the management. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing High Performance Work Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually, there are two approaches in managing an organization namely: first, letting the employees to use their creativity in handling various situations concerning the company without the supervision from the top officials; and the existence of a manager to supervise and delegate task to the employees. From the said two management approaches, it is the former which is more efficient and effective especially if the employees has enough skills and responsible enough to handle various tasks concerning the entire organization. In this regard, the idea of High Performance Work Teams arises. High Performance Work Team is basically comprises of two or more individuals working together in order to attain specific goals or objectives (Barkman, 1993). Oftentimes, this type of groups works independently without the need of supervision coming from any of the top officials for they have enough skills and talents to almost handle the tasks of a manager. Moreover, this kind of group has the ability to perform at the highest level even for an extended period of time. Most of the organization nowadays uses High Performance Work Team in order to manage an organizational conflict which concerns various department of an organization or just to maintain and develop good working relationship among members. Just like what has been discussed a while ago, High Performance Work Team can almost take the place of a manager since the group can even handle the facilitation of meetings and develop goals and plans. This is how flexible High Performance Work Team is. On the other hand, effective leadership also plays a vital role for the attainment of harmonious working environment and relationship among the members of the organization (Bolen, 2001). Leaders are the one responsible for delegating the task and solicit ideas from its members and collaborating those ideas into a more efficient and effective ideas. It is also the leaders who take the initiative to influence its members to perform their responsibilities and the one responsible for motivating all the members of the organization. Furthermore, one of the qualities that a leader must posses would be the ability to determine long term opportunities in order to provide the organization sustainable development (Clark, 2007). In other words, a leader must visualize the future of the organization and do not just focus on what is currently at hand in the short run. Short run goals are being handled by a manager but when it comes to visualizing the long term welfare of the organization it is the job of a leader. In this regard, it is clear that a leader and a great manager, may it be an individual or a group of people like High Performance Work Team, plays a vital role on the stability and success of the organization at present and in the near future. This is the reason why they are very important key person in the management team of an organization for they are the one who drives the entire organization towards the attainment of their set goals and objectives. Pioneer Sector/s Actually both private and government sector already implements High Performance Work Team; but it is the private sector that pioneered High Performance Work Place General Electric, Kraft Foods and Exelon. In the U.S. alone, High Performance Work Team gain acceptance in the corporate world during the 1980s when Boeing, Digital Equipment Corporation [presently known as HP] among others, adopted the said managerial strategy. With the said implementation of High Performance Work Team to the said identified organization, there exist major changes happened especially in organizational culture and merging of the goals of the organization with the social needs of the individuals. In just a few years after High Performance Work Team was presented to the corporate world, it already reached quantum leap in business result in the entire key success dimension together with the customer, employee, shareholder and operational value added dimensions. On the other hand, there is no exact date when effective leadership was really started entering into the idealism of the corporate world. But one thing is for sure, it is not only in the private sector where effective leadership is being implemented, even in the government sector it is also being widely used. Successful Company through HPWT One of the possible organizations that successfully mastered High Performance Work Team will be the Kraft Foods. At present, Kraft Foods leads the industry of branded foods and beverages locally and internationally. With its strategy of exploring the international market during the years wherein the domestic market was already becoming saturated, Kraft Foods was able to boost its profitability and market influence. Moreover, in order to successfully penetrate their target market, Kraft Foods entered merging, buy other food companies in the industry, and make partnership with other food companies from other countries. This market entrance strategy works well so far for the company based on their market position and influence. Because of the diversity caused by the identified market entry strategy of Kraft Foods can hinder the attainment of optimal efficiency and effectiveness of the entire personnel of the company, the Kraft Foods executives resulted to implementing High Performance Work Team which was comprised by representatives from different departments of a given branch of Kraft Foods to resolve diversity conflict and simplify the organizational structure in such a way wherein all of the employees of the company can work in harmony with one another. Diversity related issues and complexity of the organizational structure of Kraft Foods caused inefficiency in executing various operational procedures and strategies of the company as well as the depreciation of the performance of every employee due to their diversity (findarticles.com, 2005) and (Hopkins, 2005). The reason why the members of the High Performance Work Team of Kraft Foods came from the different departments of the company was to be able to have equal representation of voices of various groups of individual working in the company so that at the end of the day, whatever the solution will the High Performance Work Team arrive every welfare and interest was put into consideration. True enough, by the start of 2005, the efficiency and effectiveness of Kraft Foods improved which can be seen on the profitability level of the company and the fact rate of its expansion in the market which made the company among the top multinational companies around the globe. With the simplification of the organizational structure and solving the diversity related problems of the company through the use of High Performance Work Team, business transaction has been executed faster and the harmonious working relationship among the members of the company provide enough motivation for every employee to perform their task to their full potential. On the other hand, the CEO of Kraft Foods, Irene Rosenfeld, was able to provide the company sustainable growth by the time the domestic market started to become saturated to their product line and visualizes the entry of the company to the international market. In this regard, the effective leadership comes into the picture of Kraft Foods’ success for the past years. Not only this, Rosenfeld was able to spot the diversity related issue problem and immediately find a solution to the said organizational conflict which is one of the tasks of a leader for an effective leadership of its members. With the existence of Rosenfeld to Kraft Foods, there is no doubt that the company successfully implemented not only High Performance Work Team but also the Effective Leadership. References Bolen, M. (2001). Effective Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex1334 Clark, D. (2007). Concepts of Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html findarticles.com (2005). Kraft Foods Announces Additional Simplification Initiatives. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1 How to cite Managing High Performance Work Teams, Essay examples

Market Analysis of Donald B Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Depth Market Analysis of Donald B. Answer: Introduction: Business expansion beyond going the regional market is one of the most effective aims of every organization. The primary objective of Donald B is to spread their widespread wings in international market. As per current business scenario, Donald B has opened two stores in Melbourne as the chocolate products maker. Providing quality of products along with effective services to the customers is the mission of Donald B. This very specific study has focused to provide detailed overview on how this organization in order to overcome a major competitive threat can use various strategies. The organization has decided to enter in the market of multi-national countries through the existing brands of Australia. The organization has decided to sell their chocolates by creating a specialty store in Coles and Woolworths, Aldi. Australia is already constituted with large number of existing recognizable brands producing cocoa product, confectionery, crystallized or glazed fruit, drinking chocolate, liquorices, marshmallow, candied nut, candied popcorn, etc. However, in order to gain competitive advantages Donald B would have to implement effective market strategies and policies. Before making strategy as per current market demand, the organization like Donald B would have to focus on micro-environmental analysis and macro environmental analysis of Australia. Market analysis: Before implementing particular business strategies for expanding entire wings of organization, the business experts have to conduct effective market analysis in order to know the current needs and demands of the customers (Solomon et al., 2014). In addition, effective market analysis helps to know the strengths and weakness of its competitors. Based on the weakness of competitors the organization has to make effective market plans and policies. Buyer behavior: Buyers behavior is the observational activity to get an overview about the needs and demands of the consumers. Before using a specific product, consumers intend to get detailed information about the brands and services (Goh, Heng and Lin, 2013). Some of the major factors are there that leave high influences on buying behavior of the consumers. The influences are as follows: Influences Definition Characteristics Cultural Based on the cultural backgrounds of people the customers purchasing behavior is highly dependent Cultures differ in language, communication, values and ethics. People having problem in language barrier may have to face difficulties in interacting with the service providers. As a result, those kinds of customers would like to feel hesitated in purchasing the products from Donald B. Social Social background of a customer influences highly on consuming fast food products As per the social backgrounds the consumers decided where they would access services of Donald B. People who are considered socially challenged due to low income status and religious as well as racial backgrounds have to face difficulties in purchasing products from Donald B. Purchasing chocolates and fast foods is luxury for them rather than necessity (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014). Personal Consuming fast food product is a personal choice based on which buyers consuming behavior is highly influenced. Due to any kind of personal crisis, the customers have to face challenges in purchasing luxurious products like chocolate. Psychological Psychological background of consumers does not allow people in purchasing fast foods Psychology of an individual varies based on the income status (Seiler, 2013). People having high-income status are flexible in purchasing fast moving consuming goods like chocolates. Table 1: Factors influencing consumer behavior (Source: Boztepe, 2012) Analysis: Based on the four influential factors on consuming behavior Donald B has implemented several market strategies to draw the attention of customers easily. The business experts of this specific organization have implemented low cost price strategy so that people having average income status can purchase the products and services from Donald B. The service providers of this organization have implemented multi-lingual flexibility with the help of which people of various cultural and language backgrounds and attitudes are not hesitated in communicating with the service providers (Cheung and Thadani, 2012). As per the cultural as well as ethical belief of the organization consumers of different geographical backgrounds and attitudes would be given equal priority and response. As a result, people would like to receive the services of this organization. Micro-environmental analysis: Micro-environmental analysis implies societal perspective on the internal resource allocation of the organization. After making an effective micro-environmental analysis, the organization can evaluate their strengths and weakness. In order to evaluate micro-environmental analysis of Donald B three major factors play the most significant role that is as follows: Suppliers and intermediaries: The role of suppliers and intermediaries leaves major significance, as the manufacturers are fully dependent on the quality of raw materials. Donald B in order to make a difference of their products as well as service tends to use extra cocoa butter so that it can easily draw the attention of children (Papadopoulos and Heslop, 2014). On the other hand, people of various geographical backgrounds and attitudes may not like vanilla essence. As a result, the organization has focused to manufacture their products based on chocolate flavor. As this organization has launched manufacturing business, the executives have focused to hire quality suppliers in terms of law materials. As a result, people would like to show their level of satisfaction for purchasing the products. Publics: People in general especially media are considered as public. After launching the entire process of business, the organization would have to focus on drawing the attention of media. Media vehicle is the most effective platform based on which the organization can reach the doorstep of consumers easily. Purchasing space or pages in media is a kind of advertisement for which the organization has to pay money (Wang, Yu and Wei, 2012). Apart from that, the business experts of Donald B like to maintain an effective PR relation with media so that they can draw the attention of media persons. Public would like to show their interest in purchasing products from new brands only when they would get a good review. Competitors analysis: Marketing strategies are implemented based on competitors current market threat. The business experts have to evaluate the strengths and weakness of its competitors. However, while evaluating the competitors current market position, the study has identified five major competitors of Donald B existing in the similar industry in the market of Australia. Competitors Overview of their competing offering Target market Positioning Cherry Ripe Introduced by the Australian confectioner MacRobertson's in 1924, Crerry Ripe has already established a recognizable place in the realm of FMCG industry (Choi Rifon, 2012). This very specific brand has expanded their wings in various multinational countries having around 5.6% market share allover Australia in last one year. Most popular cities of Australia such as Melbourne, Perth, Sydney are the primary target areas. People from 5 years to 40 years are the target group having different various psychological backgrounds and attitudes In order to position the brand to reach the mind of international customers Cherry Ripe has used social media platforms such as Youtbe, Facebook, Instagram and so on. Electronic media has been used to multiplying the messages about their brands (Csutora, 2012). Snikers Snikers originated from USA has spread wide wings in the market of Australia having 4% market share allover Australia in last one year. Most recognizable cities of Australia such as Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney are the primary target areas. People from 10 years to 40 years are the target group having various cultural and religious backgrounds and attitudes Both social media such as Youtbe, Facebook, Instagram as well as Electronic media have been used to multiply the messages about their brands (Grimmer Bingham, 2013). Crunchie Crunchie originated from UK has gained image and reputation in the market of Australia having around 2.5% market share in last one year. Well-known cities of Australia such as Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, are the primary target areas. People from 10 years to 30 years are the target group having various cultural backgrounds and psychological attitudes (Jalilvand Samiei, 2012). Both social media as well as Electronic media have been used for positioning the brand. Freddo Frog Freddo Frog basically originated from Australia though it is now produced by Cadburry, a British firm. However, in the market of Australia this specific brand has already occupied a prestigious place having 1.78% market share in last year. Sydney, Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, are the primary target areas. People from 5 years to 30 years are the target group having various cultural backgrounds and psychological attitudes (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier, 2015). Both social media such as Facebook, Instagram and traditional media have been used to position the brands in various multinational countries (Metzler et al., 2012). Kit Kat Originated from UK this particular brand has already gained the attention of customers in Australian market having 4.5% market share in last year. Some of the most renowned places of Australia such as Sydney, Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, are the primary target areas. People from 5 years to 30 years are the target group having different socio-cultural backgrounds and attitudes (Brodie et al., 2013). For positioning the brand to reach the mind of international customers Cherry Ripe has used social media platforms such as Youtbe, Facebook, Instagram and so on. In addition, electronic media has been used to draw the attention of various groups of people. Competitors analysis: In the above mentioned table the study has evaluated an in-depth analysis about the current market position of other competitors of Donald B and their target market. The market share analysis has helped the organization to understand current business situation of its competitors (Lee et al., 2012). However, it has been observed that the five major brand discussed above has already occupied an established position on the market of Australia. In addition, these brands have already entered in the international market as well (Csutora, 2012). In this kind of situation, Donald B can implement effective strategies and policies for giving major threats for its competitors. However, the strategies that can help to overcome the competitors market threat are as follows: Effective promotion: In order to draw the attention of customers more effectively Donald B would have to focus on enhancing their promotional budget. Social media promotions would have to be more prominent. Themarketing managers can draw the attention of people from different geographical backgrounds and attitudes by uploading video clips (Mohan, Sivakumaran Sharma, 2013). As a result, customers would get a visual treat by watching those videos. Only written promotion through crispy and catchy tagline is not effective enough for the organization to draw the attention of international customers. Enhancing the range of target market: Donald B would have to strench their hands in the international market through Woolworths, Coles and Aldi. As a result, the brand along with chocolates can render varieties of products such as confectionery, crystallized or glazed fruit, drinking chocolate, liquorices, marshmallow, candied nut, and candied popcorn. As a result, the range of target customers would be increased automatically. Applying appropriate market mix strategies: Marketing mix strategy implies significance on product, price, promotion, people and place (Tukej, Golob Podnar, 2013). This very specific theory enables the organization to focus on five Ps primarily. As a result, customers can get a clear overview about the price level of the products along with its quality. Macro-environment: Macro-environment enables the business experts to evaluate political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors that have major impact on the overall success of a business. Definition Explanation of the trends Demographic Demographic factor primarily includes the average gender group of people, income status and age group Australia is constituted with the people of high level of income status from both male and female backgrounds. Therefore, the organization can target both male and female customers from average level of income status (Lin Huang, 2012). Economic The inhabitants of Australia are possessed with good economic backgrounds (Kesharwani Singh Bisht, 2012). As a result, the organization like Donald B does not have to face any challenge to set the price level of their products. As the economic strength of the country is high, customers do not have to face challenges in availing the products of Donald B. Natural This particular factor signifies the environment of the country. As per environmental report Australian whether is very much feasible for running chocolate manufacturing industry. Technological Technology is the application of implementing scientific knowledge in practical purpose With the emergence of advanced technology Donald B can control the entire business process in various geographical areas by sitting in Melbourne Political Government regulations, taxation policies leave major impact for the improvement of business Government taxation policies of Australia are very much flexible for running the entire process of business (Hudson Thal, 2013). Australia is not a country of politically chaos. As a result, Donald B does not have to face difficulties in paying government taxes. Cultural Cultures differ in language, communication, values and ethics. Australia is constituted with the people of different geographical and cultural backgrounds. As a result, Donald B should implement variety of products and services based on which people would like to show their interest in using the products. Conclusion: The primary reason of conducting an effective market analysis is to get an in-depth overview about customers needs and demands. With the dynamic progress of market trend, the needs and demands of the customers changes gradually. Donald B being one of the most flourishing chocolate manufacturers of Australia has decided to tie up with Woolworths, Coles and Aldi so that business experts can easily gain the attention of customers. The very specific study has made environmental analysis of Australia with the help of which the political, economic, technological, cultural and legal factors have been evaluated. In addition, in order to give a major market threat to the existing brands of Australia producing cocoa product, confectionery, crystallized or glazed fruit, drinking chocolate, liquorices, marshmallow, candied nut, candied popcorn, Donald B has conducted competitors analysis. In addition, as a new business setup the organization may have to face immense challenges in gaining customers attention. As a result, the business experts of Donald B have decided to launch their stores on Woolworths, Coles and Aldi. As a result, the organization can grab the attention of existing customers of Woolworths, Coles and Aldi. One of the most significant advantages of creating stores in those recognized brands are maintaining effective international business. Woolworths, Coles and Aldi these three brands are already occupied dominant places in the realm of supermarket industry all over the World. As a result, the organization would not have to follow additional strategies for entering in the new mar ket. While implementing several market analysis strategies the study has presented the point of views of numerous eminent scholars. References: Boztepe, A. (2012). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior.European Journal of Economic Political Studies,5(1). Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 105-114. Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cheung, C. M., Thadani, D. R. (2012). The impact of electronic word-of-mouth communication: A literature analysis and integrative model.Decision support systems,54(1), 461-470. Choi, S. M., Rifon, N. J. (2012). It is a match: The impact of congruence between celebrity image and consumer ideal self on endorsement effectiveness.Psychology Marketing,29(9), 639-650. Csutora, M. (2012). One more awareness gap? The behaviourimpact gap problem.Journal of consumer policy,35(1), 145-163. Goh, K. Y., Heng, C. S., Lin, Z. (2013). Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), 88-107. Grimmer, M., Bingham, T. (2013). Company environmental performance and consumer purchase intentions.Journal of business research,66(10), 1945-1953. Hudson, S., Thal, K. (2013). The impact of social media on the consumer decision process: Implications for tourism marketing.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), 156-160. Jalilvand, M. R., Samiei, N. (2012). The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice: Testing the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy,22(5), 591-612. Kesharwani, A., Singh Bisht, S. (2012). The impact of trust and perceived risk on internet banking adoption in India: An extension of technology acceptance model.International Journal of Bank Marketing,30(4), 303-322. Lee, E. M., Park, S. Y., Rapert, M. I., Newman, C. L. (2012). Does perceived consumer fit matter in corporate social responsibility issues?. Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1558-1564. Lin, P. C., Huang, Y. H. (2012). The influence factors on choice behavior regarding green products based on the theory of consumption values.Journal of Cleaner Production,22(1), 11-18. Metzler, C. W., Sanders, M. R., Rusby, J. C., Crowley, R. N. (2012). Using consumer preference information to increase the reach and impact of media-based parenting interventions in a public health approach to parenting support.Behavior therapy,43(2), 257-270. Mohan, G., Sivakumaran, B., Sharma, P. (2013). Impact of store environment on impulse buying behavior.European Journal of Marketing,47(10), 1711-1732. Moshrefjavadi, M. H., Dolatabadi, H. R., Nourbakhsh, M., Poursaeedi, A., Asadollahi, A. (2012). An analysis of factors affecting on online shopping behavior of consumers.International Journal of Marketing Studies,4(5), 81. Papadopoulos, N., Heslop, L. A. (2014).Product-country images: Impact and role in international marketing. Routledge. Seiler, S. (2013). The impact of search costs on consumer behavior: A dynamic approach.Quantitative Marketing and Economics,11(2), 155-203. Shah, S. S. H., Aziz, J., Jaffari, A. R., Waris, S., Ejaz, W., Fatima, M., Sherazi, S. K. (2012). The impact of brands on consumer purchase intentions.Asian Journal of Business Management,4(2), 105-110. Solomon, M. R., Dahl, D. W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J. L., Polegato, R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson. Tukej, U., Golob, U., Podnar, K. (2013). The role of consumerbrand identification in building brand relationships.Journal of business research,66(1), 53-59. Wang, X., Yu, C., Wei, Y. (2012). Social media peer communication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework.Journal of interactive marketing,26(4), 198-208. Xiang, Z., Magnini, V. P., Fesenmaier, D. R. (2015). Information technology and consumer behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,22, 244-249.

Social Change and Modernization free essay sample

Social change is the transformation of culture and social institutions over time and is the result of invention, discovery, social conflict, and cultural diffusions. Society is constantly changing to conform to our way of living and will continue to change as new technology is introduced to our world. Some countries change faster than others but the entire world is subject to social changes. Along with the changes come social movements that either encourage or discourage social change such as the civil rights movement of the 1950-60’s. During the time of the civil rights movement African American men and women protested against segregation and racial discrimination they faced. Other movements include the women’s rights movement that began in 1848 which fought for women’s rights and the labor union movement which has been around since 1607. Worker who belong to a union are able to fight for better pay and or better working environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Change and Modernization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A modern day movement is the LGBT movement that fights for social acceptance of lesbians, gays, bi-sexual, and transgendered citizens. Modernization is the process of social change begun by industrialization and the key features of modernization are the weakening of traditional communities, expansion of personal choice, increasingly diverse beliefs, and a keen awareness of the future. Examples of modernization are the use of auto mobiles which takes us to destinations faster than before. Computers and phones help us communicate with people from all over the world without even leaving our home. Even the way people are treated for health care facilities is changing and people are living longer. Social change and modernization go hand in hand. One can’t function without the other because conforming to changes needs to be established to make sure the changes last.

Lyndon B. Johnson Portrait of a President by Robert Dallek

Lyndon B. Johnson Portrait of a President by Robert Dallek Introduction The book â€Å"Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President† is a condensed version of a two volume work on the life of Lyndon B. Johnson – â€Å"Lone Star Rising† (1991) and â€Å"Flawed Giant† (1998). Written by Robert Dallek, winner of the prestigious Bancroft Prize, the book gives a wonderful portrait of President Lyndon Johnson, one of America’s well known politicians.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on â€Å"Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President by Robert Dallek A Book specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his preface, Dallek says that he has abridged his two books so that it would appeal to more people particularly students. The book is based on fourteen years of dedicated research by the author that involved personal interviews, research of about 450 historical documents and oral histories. The book offers the reader an opportunity to think about the extraordin ary man Lyndon B. Johnson and how he influenced the country. The legacy left behind by President Johnson is highly debated by historians. But Dallek is convinced that President Johnson’s influenced the nation positively during the period extending from the 1930s to the end of the 1960s. The book depicts in an authentic manner, Lyndon B. Johnson as a complex personality with various shades in his character. Theme The book discusses in detail the conflicts and inner turmoil of Johnson’s early life and career and how he achieved his goals as a congressman, senator and majority leader. Lyndon Johnson was a man with a dubious background as he was involved in ballot box manipulation, back room deals, use of political contacts and control of Senators. However, he ardently supported the New Deal of Franklin Roosevelt and was truly committed to the eradication of poverty. While on hand, he showed a ruthless streak, egoism, and vindictive behavior, he was also a soft hearted, sh y, magnanimous person of extraordinary dedication, commitment, leadership and hardwork. By tracing his career and life, Robert Dallek writes about American politics, foreign policy and crucial historical changes in the American political system. The book shows Johnson as the frustrated boy who runs away from home, as the twenty three year old aide to a rich Congressman, as a forty year old Senator, and as a very unpopular president in his later days. Robert Dallek, in his book, explains the inner workings of this remarkable man – of extraordinary ambitions, lofty visions and high energy who loved working really hard to achieve his political goals. People did not always approve of the reforms he introduced. But time shows that they were truly for the welfare of the country.Advertising Looking for report on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contents The book traces the life of President Lyndon Johnson as he starts out as a poor boy with high ambitions from a remote Texas town and how he lands in the White House, makes an impact on the nation and finally comes back to Texas in retirement. Lyndon B. Johnsons childhood is described using his own words When I was young, poverty was so common we didn’t know it had a name (quoted on p. 1). He was a very ambitious child who firmly believed he had a right to govern and lead. Lyndon Johnson was born to Sam Ealy Johnson, Jr. and Rebekah Baines who lived a hard pioneer life on Hill Country Farm. Sam was a politician and Lyndon was much influenced by the political aspirations and activities of his father. He often accompanied his father to the legislature and developed a love for campaigning. Lyndon Johnson, as a student was indifferent and lacked interest in religion. He seemed irresponsible and enjoyed drinking and wasting time with his friends. He also ran away from home on frequent trips in his childhood. He was basically a rebell ious child who had high ambitions. Without studying, he could not achieve much and that frustrated him. As a boy, he was once beaten by up a German farm boy and this event changed the course of his life. He decided to pursue his education as per his parents’ wishes and went to San Marcos College, a small provincial school in 1927. While he studied, he also took up odd jobs to pay his fees. In May 1929, Lyndon completed his teaching course at San Marcos and with the help of his uncle, George, got himself a good job in Sam Houston High School. Though he worked with passion as a teacher, Lyndons heart was in politics and in November 1931 he accepted appointment as secretary to new U.S. congressman from Texas, Richard Kleberg and moved to Washington. This marked the first major step into the political world for Lyndon. He supported Franklin Roosevelts New Deal and was much inspired by him. Lyndon’s main assets were his high ambitions and knack for practical politics. In 19 32, he returned to Texas to run Klebergs primary campaign against three other democrats. Lyndons work paid off and Kleberg won the primaries. It was during this period he met and fell in love with Claudia Alta Taylor. He proposed and married her within three months of meeting. With his aggressive style of promotion, Lyndon got the job of running the Texas National Youth Administration and made it a great success with his hardwork and won the recognition of top officials.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on â€Å"Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President by Robert Dallek A Book specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lyndon decided to run for the House. Deciding to capitalize on the popularity of FDR, he designed a campaign strategy that would link him to FDR and his programs. He campaigned hard and met as many voters as possible. He also resorted to bribing the voters and finally won the election. Dallek writes eloquently: Johnson was a self-serving opportunist who used his connections to advance himself†¦. He was not only a shrewd operator with his eyes on the main chance but also a man of vision who worked effectively for a larger good (p. 46). Lyndon Johnson learnt very early that violating campaign finance laws and ballot box manipulations were part of the election game. He soon became adept at seeking political advantage in all ways. He also was good at business, and used his political contacts to develop his businesses. He acquired a radio station for his wife and made it hugely profitable through favorable rulings from the Federal Communications Commission. After the death of President Roosevelt, Lyndon decided to become a Senator. He wanted to run for the Senate from Texas. He campaigned hard but also broke many rules in the process. He spent a lot more than what was allowed for election campaigning. By last minute manipulation of votes, Lyndon Johnson won the election. The fraud became known to the public and due to this accusation Lyndon became very determined to be a good senator in Texas. At age 40, Lyndon Johnson became Senator. He was basically a workaholic and work was a major part of his life. He forged vital political connections. He was soon running for the post of party Whip. By 1952, Lyndon achieved the Democratic Partys Senate leadership post. With his hard work and strategic movies, Johnson ensured that the Democrats gained control of Congress in 1956 elections. He now became the youngest majority leader in Senate history. According to Bryce Harlow, Eisenhowers aide, Johnson had a special gift, an indefinable talent for leadership that created fear, admiration and a desire in others to follow (p. 82). He was good at acting, dramatizing, persuading and cajoling. He was an expert at manipulating other senators to his advantage. In 1957, Johnson chose the issue of Civil rights to upgrade his political image and decided to work to protect black rights in the South. He supported a civil rights law in 1957 which was viewed skeptically by some people and as a historical achievement by some others. A major achievement of Lyndon Johnson was the creation of NASA as a civilian controlled space agency. In 1960, he became vice presidential nominee for presidential candidate Jack Kennedy.Advertising Looking for report on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On November 8, Kennedy won the presidency and Lyndon became Vice-President. Lyndon Johnson did not enjoy the passive role accorded to him. As a good will ambassador Lyndon visited many countries but his eccentric behavior abroad made people view him as a comic character. Lyndon Johnson succeeded John F Kennedy as president. He supported the Vietnam War but he did not want it to come in the way of the elections. So he wanted the military to wait till the elections were over in 1964. He won the presidential election easily and soon after, sent the US troops to South Vietnam. In early 1965, Johnson authorized ‘Operation Rolling Thunder’ that involved bombing of North Vietnam and NLF held regions in South Vietnam. It was expected to be over in eight weeks but lasted for three years and as the war dragged on Americans wanted the war to be over. In the meantime, President Lyndon introduced many programs to change race relations, reduce the suffering of the poor and improve th e overall quality of life among the underprivileged. Through his support for the Civil rights and voting rights of the black community he paved the way for the rise of a larger and richer black middle class. He is also responsible for introducing â€Å"Medicare, Medicaid, urban renewal, aid to education, immigration reform, and safety and consumer regulations† (p. 374). But towards the beginning of 1967, there was extensive disillusionment among the public over the sensibility of his reforms and the Vietnam War. Writing Style The book is written chronologically and begins with descriptions of the origins of Lyndon B. Johnson and traces his growth into adulthood and how he forged ahead in his political career. The author uses an easy to read style and the book can be understood by anyone with an interest in the character of Lyndon Johnson. The authors describe the historical background at every stage in Lyndon’s life. There are many direct quotes included in this book t hat add a lot of authenticity to the book. While some of the quotes are by President Lyndon Johnson, there are quotes by other historical people. Moreover, almost all significant events in Lyndon’s life are dated accurately. The book is written in third person and takes a neutral viewpoint. It does not have any bias in its portrayal of President Lyndon Johnson. In fact, there is equal focus on both his good and bad sides. The book allows the reader to understand that the boy Lyndon Johnson was frustrated and torn apart by his high political ambitions and the harsh realities of life. He was intelligent but unable to focus in his studies due to his unstable financial status. He is forced to take up odd jobs during his school days. He is forced to take up a teaching career before completing his teaching course. However, he was always a hardworking person. His work ethic is very strong as he often is said to work more than twelve hours in a day. However, Dallek also exposes the f act that Lyndon Johnson always sought political mileage and would stoop to any level to exploit situations to his advantage. Of particular note is the scene in which he and his wife Lady Bird are abused verbally and physically by a crowd in Dallas. Johnson prevented the police from protecting him and spent more time among the abusive crowd so that it could be recorded and televised. He used it to label the Republicans as extremists. Dallek also reveals that Lyndon Johnson was not averse to using bribes and manipulation of ballots in order to win an election. But the same Lyndon Johnson never wasted an opportunity to serve the youth and downtrodden of this country. In fact, according to Dallek, Johnson played a crucial role in creating national change by bringing the South into active politics. Thus the book gives adequate glimpses to both the sides of Lyndon Johnson. The validity of the author’s theories rests on the fact that this book is based on an extensive research condu cted on historical manuscripts, oral histories and personal interviews. Dallek does not ignore the weaker side of Lyndon Johnson. He talks about his passion to reach the top by any means – straight or crooked and also his sheer brilliance as a politician. President Lyndon Johnson is not a very popular historical figure as many people disapproved of the Vietnam War and many of his good intentioned reforms. This book, by focusing on the good side of Lyndon Johnson reminds the readers that he was a great visionary who worked to bring the South into the mainstream of society and worked to improve the living conditions of the poor and downtrodden. Personal Reflection The author depicts Lyndon Johnson as a man in eternal conflict. He always desired for higher political positions in life and the reason according to the author is that he desired power so that he could give things to the needy people. This seems to be a very superficial inference. When one reads about â€Å"The Treat ment† that Lyndon Johnson gives the fellow members of the Senate in order to get bills passed, one can understand that he was someone who loved power for its own sake. He enjoyed intimidating people with his theatrics. Also there are some instances in the book where the author does not explain why Lyndon was behaving the way he did. For example, when Joe Kennedy approaches him with an offer that he would get him a ticket if he expressed his intent to stand for presidency and include Jack Kennedy as Vice President, Lyndon lets go of the opportunity. It’s not in his true nature to let go of real opportunities. I personally wish the author could have added more details regarding his decisions. Moreover, the relationship between Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson is very confusing in the book. While on one hand Kennedy chooses Lyndon to be the Vice President, he also tries to keep him far away from foreign policy matters and important decisions such as the Vietnam War. Dallek write s about this gap while at the same time, Dallek also says that Kennedy invited Johnson to all cabinet meetings and important gatherings. The relationship between President Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson could have been elaborated further. Conclusion Despite the fact that one desires more from this book, what cannot be denied is that this book is tremendously thought provoking. This book serves as a biography of Lyndon Johnson while at the same time it serves as a guide to American history. It also traces the psychological evolution of Lyndon Johnson from an ambitious boy to a shrewd politician. Dallek’s research is relevant to the study of present day politics in the United States as it helps in understanding the workings of the mind of an intelligent politician with personal ambitions and good intentions. The book helps us understand that behind the smiling face of successful leaders, there is a lot of hard work, sacrifices, and compromises. Whether a leader stands out in histor y as a hero depends on how high his values are and how he makes crucial decisions. Lyndon Johnson seems more representative of present day politicians who try to exploit every possible opportunity to their own political advantage. Bibliography Dallek, R. (2004). Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President. Oxford University Press.

SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students Encyclopedia

SAT - PrepScholar 2016 Students' Encyclopedia SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is one of two major tests used for admission to 4-year colleges and universities in the United States. Colleges selecting for academic ability often use the SAT, or its counterpart, the ACT, as acriticalfactor when deciding whether or not to grant admission to prospective students. Table of Contents IntroductionFunctionOverall StructureCritical ReadingMathematicsWritingSAT Question TypesSAT LogisticsSAT PreparationSAT Scoring and PercentilesSAT / ACT ComparisonsSAT History Editor's Note: This article is the home page of the SAT PrepScholar's Students' Encyclopedia, 2016 Edition. This guide is updated annually to provide an encyclopedic range of facts on SAT topics with a focus on content relevant to students and parents. Introduction In addition to measuring academic ability, the SAT is meant to evaluate students' college readiness. Its Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing sections are designed to test the skills of math and literacy that students need to succeed in college level courses.Students may prepare for the SAT through their classroom learning and SAT-specific preparation, which may involve SAT books, tutoring, and/or online prep programs. Over 1.67 million high school graduatesin the class of 2014 tookthe SAT. Some middle school students also take the SAT as practice or to qualify for talent competitions, like the Duke Talent Identification Program and Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth program. The SAT is administered by the nonprofit organization, College Board. The current version of the SAT, which consists of three sections and allows for a maximum composite score of 2400, has been in place since 2005. Starting in March of 2016, a redesigned version of the test, commonly referred to as the new SAT, will be administered. The new SAT will feature changes in format, content, and question type, as well as returnto a pre-2005 1600 scoring system. According to College Board, these changes were made in order to more accurately reflect the skills students are learning in their classrooms, as well as to ensure greater equity in achievement across diversesocio-economic backgrounds. SAT commentators have noted that the new SAT will more closely resemble the ACT in many ways, perhaps reflecting College Board's attempt to remain competitive with the increasingly popular ACT. The current version of the SAT consists of three sections: Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing, which includes an essay. Each section is scored on a scale from 200 to 800 in 10 point increments. The lowest possible composite score is a 600 total, while the highest is a 2400 total. The sections aredivided into 25, 20, or 10 minute subsections, each of which is strictly timed. The total examtime is 3 hours and 45 minutes. The actual test-taking time is longer due to time given toproctor-led instructions and three 5 minute breaks. Students register for the SAT online through their College Board accounts. It is also possible to register by mail (this method of registration is required for students under the age of 13). The cost for students in the U.S. is $54.50, while international fees vary by country. Students for whom the registration fee presents a financial obstacle may be eligible for fee waivers, which waive both the cost of the test and official score reports sent to colleges. Students with documented disabilities may also request special accommodations, the most common of which is additional time. In the U.S., the SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. Technically, students may register for and take the SAT an unlimited number of times.At least half of all students take the SAT twice, with others opt to take the SAT additional times. Students may use College Board's Score Choice to report only the score reports of their choice to colleges unless the college is one of the few that don't allow Score Choice. Students are statistically likely tosee score improvements when they retake the test. SAT preparation has also been shown to lead to significant score improvementson the test. Function The SAT is meant to be a standardized assessment of the academic and reasoning skillsthat students need to succeed in college. Muchof a college application is based on local data, such asGPA and course selection. The SAT is largely used to give anational perspective to students'abilityand college readiness. Many 4-year colleges and universities in the U.S. require the SAT or ACT as part of students' applications. Admissions officers consider SAT scores alongside other aspects of a student's application, including his/her grades, extracurricular involvement, teacher and counselor recommendations, and personal essay. Schools differ in how they consider SAT scores, soit benefits students to research their colleges' policies and incorporate theminto their SAT preparation and test-taking schedules...[Read more here] Overall Structure The SAT has three main sections, Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing. It tests the skills of reading comprehension, problem-solving with algebra, geometry, and probability, rules of English grammar, and expositorywriting. The main sections are divided into a total of ten subsections, which might be 10, 20, or 25 minutes in length. One of these sections is experimental, or variable, and is used to develop material for future tests and ensure scoring accuracy. The experimental section is unscored and may be Critical Reading, Math, or Writing. The SAT is allmultiple choice questions, with the exception of a 25 minute essay and ten student-produced Mathematics questions.Each section is scored on a scale from 200 to 800, with a maximum possible composite score of 2400. The entire test is 3 hours and 45 minutes, though administration is typically about 4.5 hours to include instructions and breaks...[Read more here] Critical Reading The Critical Reading section tests students' skills of reading comprehension and understanding of vocabulary. Itpresents short, long, and paired passages and asksquestions about main purpose, author perspective, and vocabulary, among otherquestiontypes. Critical Reading questions also require the ability to understand relationships within sentences and to insert appropriate vocabulary words when prompted. Critical Reading comprises 70 minutes with two 25 minute sections and one 20 minute section. It asks 48 passage-based questions and 19 sentence completions. Typical preparation for this section involves a review of literary terms, studying high level vocabulary words, and taking timed practice tests...[Read more here] Mathematics The Mathematics section of the SAT asks students to solve problems by applying or combining skills from pre-algebra, algebra, geometry, and probability. Interpretation of data from graphs and charts is also tested. Students who have taken a high school level algebra and geometry class have likely learned the requisite concepts to succeed on the SAT Math section. There are two 25 minute sections and one 20 minute section in SAT Math. In total, these sections contain 44 multiple choice and 10 student-produced questions, commonly referred to as grid-in questions. Students are allowed to use a calculator on this section, though most questions do not require complex calculations...[Read more here] Writing The Writing section targets skills of English grammar and essay writing. To succeed in this section, students must be able to identify and revise grammatical errors and improve the sequence of ideas within paragraphs. Highly scoring essays typically follow a 5 paragraph structure and support a clear point of view with well-developedand relevant examples. The Writing section consists of a 25 minute essay and 25 minute and 10 minute multiple choice sections. The essay is always the first section on the SAT, and the 10 minute multiple choice section is always last. Students receive a subscore for their essay, which counts for approximately 30% of their Writing section score. The multiple choice makes up the remaining 70%...[Read more here] SAT Question Types There are a total of 170 questions on the SAT, plus the essay. 160 of these questions are multiple choice, each with five answer choices. The other 10 are student-produced math questions, which are answered in a special section of the answer sheet.Most questions are arranged in order of increasing difficulty, with the exception of passage-based Critical Reading questions, which follow chronologically with the passage(s) to which they refer. SAT score reports show students how many questions they answered correctly and incorrectly by question type and difficulty level. Students can alsorequest College Board's Question and Answer service for an additional fee, which will give them a detailed report of how they answered each individual question on their test...[Read more here] SAT Logistics The SAT is offered seven times throughout the year, in January, March (or April), May, June, October, November, and December. The spring date, which alternatelyfalls in March or April, is not available internationally.The cost of the SAT is $54.50 and students typically register online through their College Board accounts. Students may request fee waivers if the test poses a financial barrier, as well as accommodations for documented disabilities. Additional fees apply for late registration, standby testing, registration changes, scores by telephone, or Question and Answer service. In order to report their scores to colleges, students must send official score reports through College Board. Depending on their colleges' policies, students may be able to use College Board's Score Choice option to select which score reports are sent...[Read more here] SAT Preparation SAT preparation has been shown to lead to score improvements on the test. The main methods of test preparation are self-studying from books, SAT classes, one-on-one tutoring, and, more recently, online programs (which may contain a one-on-one tutoring component). All of these approaches have strengths and weaknesses, and students benefit from choosing the method that is most effective for them....[Read more here] SAT Scoring and Percentiles Each section of the SAT is scored on a scale from 200 to 800. The minimum composite score is 600, while themaximum is 2400. Students receive one point for every correct answer, zero points for skipped answers, and a deduction of 0.25 points for wrong answers. Their raw scores areconverted to scaled scores through a process called equating, which takes into account the performance of all students who took the test on a given administration. In addition to their scaled scores, students receive a percentile ranking that compares their results with other students. Colleges rarely publicize that they requirea minimum SAT score, but they dotypically release data on the average SAT scores of accepted students. (Full article to come soon!)...[Read more here] SAT / ACT Comparisons The SAT and ACT are accepted equally by colleges as admissions tests. Historically, students on the East and West coasts took the SAT and Midwestern students took the ACT. More recently, the number of test-takers for each exam isapproximately equal. While both tests are meant to measure academic ability and college readiness, they differ in content, format, scoring, and overall structure. Students benefit from choosing the test that will help them achieve the stronger score for their college applications. (Full article to come soon!)...[Read more here] SAT History The SAT was first administered to college applicants in 1926. It was developed from an Army intelligence test used for recruitment during World War I. The SAT was initially developed in order to assess students' abilitiesregardless of social or financial background. The SAT has undergone numerous changes and revisions throughout the years, with a significant redesign set to take effect in March of 2016. The SAT has been at the center of both controversies and cheating scandals. Critics of the test maintain that it favors students from uppersocio-economic backgrounds whose parents have a high level of educational attainment. College Board maintains that the SAT is a fair standardized assessment of students' skills and college readiness, and that the redesigned SAT will further align with the content knowledge and skills students are learning within their classrooms...[Read more here]