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A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum est to...

A Comparison of Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade† In this essay I will attempt to compare and contrast Wilfred Owen’s â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† to Alfred Tennyson’s â€Å"Charge of the Light Brigade†. I will examine the use of poetic devices in the poems as well as outline what is happening in each. Wilfred Owen was born on the 18th of March 1893 in owestry, United Kingdom. He was the oldest of four children and was educated in an evangelical school. Though Owen rejected most of his beliefs by 1913 the influence of his education still remains evident in his poems and their themes of sacrifice, biblical language and his vivid, frightening description of hell. One of the main influences†¦show more content†¦At this time they are not in close proximity of the guns and do not yet know that this charge is nothing short of suicide, Tennyson uses the metaphor â€Å"into the valley of death† to show that despite the soldiers not knowing it yet many of them will die in the battle ahead. The reference to the â€Å"valley of death† is repeated throughout the poem, it serves as an allusion to the twenty third psalm of the bible which states â€Å"Even where I walk through a valley of deepest darkness I should fear no harm, for you (God) are with me† I believe t his is extremely relevant to the situation of the soldiers as they must face death itself. The reference to a valley also gives the illusion of the soldiers being surrounded on each side, implying that the only way to go is forward. The words â€Å"Rode the six hundred† are repeated to emphasise that at this point the light brigade has suffered no loss. In the second Stanza the soldiers continue their charge although start to have doubts about what they are doing. The point is stressed that the soldiers have no choice but to follow the orders that they have been given, without question â€Å"Their’s not to reason why, Their’s but to do and die†. The third stanza depicts the soldiers surrounded by guns â€Å"Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them† yet valiantly riding onwards â€Å"Into the mouth of death, into the jaws of hell† these two phrases use personification to depict death itselfShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Dulce Et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade1442 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est† and â€Å"Charge Of The Light Brigade†. What images of war do these two poems convey? We have been studying the war poems Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen and Charge Of The Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written during the First World War from 1914 to 1918 whilst Charge Of The Light Brigade was composed in the 19th century, and describes a battle that took place during the Crimean War. Both poems give a different impressionRead MorePoem, The Charge Of The Light Brigade And Dulce Et Decorum Est1841 Words   |  8 Pagespoems, The Charge of The Light Brigade and Dulce et Decorum Est, both deal with an idea of war. The writers both have the same viewpoint about war, but the way that they articulate those ideas on paper varies. Through literary devices in the poems, the authors show two different wars, but the same tragic outcome – death. These two poems showcase how people can have different outlooks on war, but in the end they all end with the same deadly outcome. These writers, Wilfred Owen and Alfred Lord TennysonRead MorePoetry Comparison Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoetry Comparison There have been many wars throughout time. Most people learn the facts through: papers, films, books or poems, but I am comparing two similar poems which have different meanings. Wilfred Owen who wrote the poem Dulce et Decorum est or Lord Alfred Tennyson who wrote The Charge of the Light Brigade. They are both based around the theme of war. Lord Alfred Tennyson is pro war and thinks its a good thing to die for your country. His poem was writtenRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagespeople have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studied, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagespeople have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such as family upbringing, culture, political views, or personal experiences. In the two poems studi ed, Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum est and Alfred, Lord Tennysons The Charge of the Light Brigade, war has been described with completely opposing views. In the former, Owen describes war as a horrifying and inglorious event with men in war being grim and sorrowful while the soldiers died devastatinglyRead More Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war before

Behavioral Challenges Client From Field - 2181 Words

Behavioral Challenges Client from Field The Client is a 17-year-old African American female who was removed from her mother’s care in 2013, and resides in a residential treatment program under the custody of the state. The client currently attends a special education school due to a speech impediment and behavioral disturbances. The client was referred to the screening center on this occasion after running out of the school building and threatening to run out into traffic as a suicide attempt. The client’s teacher mocked her speech impediment in front of the entire class, which triggered aggression and suicidal ideations. The client threw a soda at the teacher, and was put into a physical restraint, but when she was able to break free,†¦show more content†¦Youth who were removed from their families are not only exposed to being separated from caregivers, but there also can be issues concerning physical and emotional trauma, as well as genetic factors that could alter a person’s mood and behav ior (Rutter, 2000). Elevated behavioral issues amongst youth receiving residential care are extremely common and there are multiple studies that identify behavioral difficulties as a primary characteristic (James, Roesch, Zhang, 2011). The behavioral concerns that this population presents with could hinder them from actually being placed, and interfere with successfully discharging from the group home. It should be noted that being of an older age group during admission into the foster care setting, and having history of juvenile delinquency and behavioral disturbances within the first couple of months of living in a residential setting, automatically correlates with unsuccessful discharges (Piotrkowski Baker, 2004). According to the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System, in 2014 there were 415,129 minors in foster care by the end of September and 264,746 minors who entered the foster care system within the fiscal year (UDHHS, 2015). There were 107,918 children wh o were waiting to be adopted at the end of September, 2014 (UDHHS, 2015). Of those children, there were approximately 14,000 of them who entered the foster care system between the ages of 11-17 years old, which gives these children an increased

Managing High Performance Work Teams Free Essays

Relationship to Management In order to facilitate optimal efficiency in an organization, there are a lot of factors to consider first like the financial stability, economic and market stability, and internal stability. As for the scope of this paper, all of the discussion will give emphasis on the role of internal stability on the success of an organization.  Internal stability may originate on how well the key persons of an organization work with respect to one another, like for instance, the organizational structure or the type of managerial strategy that is being implemented by the management. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing High Performance Work Teams or any similar topic only for you Order Now Actually, there are two approaches in managing an organization namely: first, letting the employees to use their creativity in handling various situations concerning the company without the supervision from the top officials; and the existence of a manager to supervise and delegate task to the employees. From the said two management approaches, it is the former which is more efficient and effective especially if the employees has enough skills and responsible enough to handle various tasks concerning the entire organization. In this regard, the idea of High Performance Work Teams arises. High Performance Work Team is basically comprises of two or more individuals working together in order to attain specific goals or objectives (Barkman, 1993). Oftentimes, this type of groups works independently without the need of supervision coming from any of the top officials for they have enough skills and talents to almost handle the tasks of a manager. Moreover, this kind of group has the ability to perform at the highest level even for an extended period of time. Most of the organization nowadays uses High Performance Work Team in order to manage an organizational conflict which concerns various department of an organization or just to maintain and develop good working relationship among members. Just like what has been discussed a while ago, High Performance Work Team can almost take the place of a manager since the group can even handle the facilitation of meetings and develop goals and plans. This is how flexible High Performance Work Team is. On the other hand, effective leadership also plays a vital role for the attainment of harmonious working environment and relationship among the members of the organization (Bolen, 2001). Leaders are the one responsible for delegating the task and solicit ideas from its members and collaborating those ideas into a more efficient and effective ideas. It is also the leaders who take the initiative to influence its members to perform their responsibilities and the one responsible for motivating all the members of the organization. Furthermore, one of the qualities that a leader must posses would be the ability to determine long term opportunities in order to provide the organization sustainable development (Clark, 2007). In other words, a leader must visualize the future of the organization and do not just focus on what is currently at hand in the short run. Short run goals are being handled by a manager but when it comes to visualizing the long term welfare of the organization it is the job of a leader. In this regard, it is clear that a leader and a great manager, may it be an individual or a group of people like High Performance Work Team, plays a vital role on the stability and success of the organization at present and in the near future. This is the reason why they are very important key person in the management team of an organization for they are the one who drives the entire organization towards the attainment of their set goals and objectives. Pioneer Sector/s Actually both private and government sector already implements High Performance Work Team; but it is the private sector that pioneered High Performance Work Place General Electric, Kraft Foods and Exelon. In the U.S. alone, High Performance Work Team gain acceptance in the corporate world during the 1980s when Boeing, Digital Equipment Corporation [presently known as HP] among others, adopted the said managerial strategy. With the said implementation of High Performance Work Team to the said identified organization, there exist major changes happened especially in organizational culture and merging of the goals of the organization with the social needs of the individuals. In just a few years after High Performance Work Team was presented to the corporate world, it already reached quantum leap in business result in the entire key success dimension together with the customer, employee, shareholder and operational value added dimensions. On the other hand, there is no exact date when effective leadership was really started entering into the idealism of the corporate world. But one thing is for sure, it is not only in the private sector where effective leadership is being implemented, even in the government sector it is also being widely used. Successful Company through HPWT One of the possible organizations that successfully mastered High Performance Work Team will be the Kraft Foods. At present, Kraft Foods leads the industry of branded foods and beverages locally and internationally. With its strategy of exploring the international market during the years wherein the domestic market was already becoming saturated, Kraft Foods was able to boost its profitability and market influence. Moreover, in order to successfully penetrate their target market, Kraft Foods entered merging, buy other food companies in the industry, and make partnership with other food companies from other countries. This market entrance strategy works well so far for the company based on their market position and influence. Because of the diversity caused by the identified market entry strategy of Kraft Foods can hinder the attainment of optimal efficiency and effectiveness of the entire personnel of the company, the Kraft Foods executives resulted to implementing High Performance Work Team which was comprised by representatives from different departments of a given branch of Kraft Foods to resolve diversity conflict and simplify the organizational structure in such a way wherein all of the employees of the company can work in harmony with one another. Diversity related issues and complexity of the organizational structure of Kraft Foods caused inefficiency in executing various operational procedures and strategies of the company as well as the depreciation of the performance of every employee due to their diversity (findarticles.com, 2005) and (Hopkins, 2005). The reason why the members of the High Performance Work Team of Kraft Foods came from the different departments of the company was to be able to have equal representation of voices of various groups of individual working in the company so that at the end of the day, whatever the solution will the High Performance Work Team arrive every welfare and interest was put into consideration. True enough, by the start of 2005, the efficiency and effectiveness of Kraft Foods improved which can be seen on the profitability level of the company and the fact rate of its expansion in the market which made the company among the top multinational companies around the globe. With the simplification of the organizational structure and solving the diversity related problems of the company through the use of High Performance Work Team, business transaction has been executed faster and the harmonious working relationship among the members of the company provide enough motivation for every employee to perform their task to their full potential. On the other hand, the CEO of Kraft Foods, Irene Rosenfeld, was able to provide the company sustainable growth by the time the domestic market started to become saturated to their product line and visualizes the entry of the company to the international market. In this regard, the effective leadership comes into the picture of Kraft Foods’ success for the past years. Not only this, Rosenfeld was able to spot the diversity related issue problem and immediately find a solution to the said organizational conflict which is one of the tasks of a leader for an effective leadership of its members. With the existence of Rosenfeld to Kraft Foods, there is no doubt that the company successfully implemented not only High Performance Work Team but also the Effective Leadership. References Bolen, M. (2001). Effective Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex1334 Clark, D. (2007). Concepts of Leadership. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadcon.html findarticles.com (2005). Kraft Foods Announces Additional Simplification Initiatives. Retrieved March 18, 2008, from http://findarticles.com/?noadc=1 How to cite Managing High Performance Work Teams, Essay examples

Market Analysis of Donald B Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Depth Market Analysis of Donald B. Answer: Introduction: Business expansion beyond going the regional market is one of the most effective aims of every organization. The primary objective of Donald B is to spread their widespread wings in international market. As per current business scenario, Donald B has opened two stores in Melbourne as the chocolate products maker. Providing quality of products along with effective services to the customers is the mission of Donald B. This very specific study has focused to provide detailed overview on how this organization in order to overcome a major competitive threat can use various strategies. The organization has decided to enter in the market of multi-national countries through the existing brands of Australia. The organization has decided to sell their chocolates by creating a specialty store in Coles and Woolworths, Aldi. Australia is already constituted with large number of existing recognizable brands producing cocoa product, confectionery, crystallized or glazed fruit, drinking chocolate, liquorices, marshmallow, candied nut, candied popcorn, etc. However, in order to gain competitive advantages Donald B would have to implement effective market strategies and policies. Before making strategy as per current market demand, the organization like Donald B would have to focus on micro-environmental analysis and macro environmental analysis of Australia. Market analysis: Before implementing particular business strategies for expanding entire wings of organization, the business experts have to conduct effective market analysis in order to know the current needs and demands of the customers (Solomon et al., 2014). In addition, effective market analysis helps to know the strengths and weakness of its competitors. Based on the weakness of competitors the organization has to make effective market plans and policies. Buyer behavior: Buyers behavior is the observational activity to get an overview about the needs and demands of the consumers. Before using a specific product, consumers intend to get detailed information about the brands and services (Goh, Heng and Lin, 2013). Some of the major factors are there that leave high influences on buying behavior of the consumers. The influences are as follows: Influences Definition Characteristics Cultural Based on the cultural backgrounds of people the customers purchasing behavior is highly dependent Cultures differ in language, communication, values and ethics. People having problem in language barrier may have to face difficulties in interacting with the service providers. As a result, those kinds of customers would like to feel hesitated in purchasing the products from Donald B. Social Social background of a customer influences highly on consuming fast food products As per the social backgrounds the consumers decided where they would access services of Donald B. People who are considered socially challenged due to low income status and religious as well as racial backgrounds have to face difficulties in purchasing products from Donald B. Purchasing chocolates and fast foods is luxury for them rather than necessity (Cantallops and Salvi, 2014). Personal Consuming fast food product is a personal choice based on which buyers consuming behavior is highly influenced. Due to any kind of personal crisis, the customers have to face challenges in purchasing luxurious products like chocolate. Psychological Psychological background of consumers does not allow people in purchasing fast foods Psychology of an individual varies based on the income status (Seiler, 2013). People having high-income status are flexible in purchasing fast moving consuming goods like chocolates. Table 1: Factors influencing consumer behavior (Source: Boztepe, 2012) Analysis: Based on the four influential factors on consuming behavior Donald B has implemented several market strategies to draw the attention of customers easily. The business experts of this specific organization have implemented low cost price strategy so that people having average income status can purchase the products and services from Donald B. The service providers of this organization have implemented multi-lingual flexibility with the help of which people of various cultural and language backgrounds and attitudes are not hesitated in communicating with the service providers (Cheung and Thadani, 2012). As per the cultural as well as ethical belief of the organization consumers of different geographical backgrounds and attitudes would be given equal priority and response. As a result, people would like to receive the services of this organization. Micro-environmental analysis: Micro-environmental analysis implies societal perspective on the internal resource allocation of the organization. After making an effective micro-environmental analysis, the organization can evaluate their strengths and weakness. In order to evaluate micro-environmental analysis of Donald B three major factors play the most significant role that is as follows: Suppliers and intermediaries: The role of suppliers and intermediaries leaves major significance, as the manufacturers are fully dependent on the quality of raw materials. Donald B in order to make a difference of their products as well as service tends to use extra cocoa butter so that it can easily draw the attention of children (Papadopoulos and Heslop, 2014). On the other hand, people of various geographical backgrounds and attitudes may not like vanilla essence. As a result, the organization has focused to manufacture their products based on chocolate flavor. As this organization has launched manufacturing business, the executives have focused to hire quality suppliers in terms of law materials. As a result, people would like to show their level of satisfaction for purchasing the products. Publics: People in general especially media are considered as public. After launching the entire process of business, the organization would have to focus on drawing the attention of media. Media vehicle is the most effective platform based on which the organization can reach the doorstep of consumers easily. Purchasing space or pages in media is a kind of advertisement for which the organization has to pay money (Wang, Yu and Wei, 2012). Apart from that, the business experts of Donald B like to maintain an effective PR relation with media so that they can draw the attention of media persons. Public would like to show their interest in purchasing products from new brands only when they would get a good review. Competitors analysis: Marketing strategies are implemented based on competitors current market threat. The business experts have to evaluate the strengths and weakness of its competitors. However, while evaluating the competitors current market position, the study has identified five major competitors of Donald B existing in the similar industry in the market of Australia. Competitors Overview of their competing offering Target market Positioning Cherry Ripe Introduced by the Australian confectioner MacRobertson's in 1924, Crerry Ripe has already established a recognizable place in the realm of FMCG industry (Choi Rifon, 2012). This very specific brand has expanded their wings in various multinational countries having around 5.6% market share allover Australia in last one year. Most popular cities of Australia such as Melbourne, Perth, Sydney are the primary target areas. People from 5 years to 40 years are the target group having different various psychological backgrounds and attitudes In order to position the brand to reach the mind of international customers Cherry Ripe has used social media platforms such as Youtbe, Facebook, Instagram and so on. Electronic media has been used to multiplying the messages about their brands (Csutora, 2012). Snikers Snikers originated from USA has spread wide wings in the market of Australia having 4% market share allover Australia in last one year. Most recognizable cities of Australia such as Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney are the primary target areas. People from 10 years to 40 years are the target group having various cultural and religious backgrounds and attitudes Both social media such as Youtbe, Facebook, Instagram as well as Electronic media have been used to multiply the messages about their brands (Grimmer Bingham, 2013). Crunchie Crunchie originated from UK has gained image and reputation in the market of Australia having around 2.5% market share in last one year. Well-known cities of Australia such as Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, are the primary target areas. People from 10 years to 30 years are the target group having various cultural backgrounds and psychological attitudes (Jalilvand Samiei, 2012). Both social media as well as Electronic media have been used for positioning the brand. Freddo Frog Freddo Frog basically originated from Australia though it is now produced by Cadburry, a British firm. However, in the market of Australia this specific brand has already occupied a prestigious place having 1.78% market share in last year. Sydney, Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, are the primary target areas. People from 5 years to 30 years are the target group having various cultural backgrounds and psychological attitudes (Xiang, Magnini Fesenmaier, 2015). Both social media such as Facebook, Instagram and traditional media have been used to position the brands in various multinational countries (Metzler et al., 2012). Kit Kat Originated from UK this particular brand has already gained the attention of customers in Australian market having 4.5% market share in last year. Some of the most renowned places of Australia such as Sydney, Brisbane, Gold Coast, Melbourne, are the primary target areas. People from 5 years to 30 years are the target group having different socio-cultural backgrounds and attitudes (Brodie et al., 2013). For positioning the brand to reach the mind of international customers Cherry Ripe has used social media platforms such as Youtbe, Facebook, Instagram and so on. In addition, electronic media has been used to draw the attention of various groups of people. Competitors analysis: In the above mentioned table the study has evaluated an in-depth analysis about the current market position of other competitors of Donald B and their target market. The market share analysis has helped the organization to understand current business situation of its competitors (Lee et al., 2012). However, it has been observed that the five major brand discussed above has already occupied an established position on the market of Australia. In addition, these brands have already entered in the international market as well (Csutora, 2012). In this kind of situation, Donald B can implement effective strategies and policies for giving major threats for its competitors. However, the strategies that can help to overcome the competitors market threat are as follows: Effective promotion: In order to draw the attention of customers more effectively Donald B would have to focus on enhancing their promotional budget. Social media promotions would have to be more prominent. Themarketing managers can draw the attention of people from different geographical backgrounds and attitudes by uploading video clips (Mohan, Sivakumaran Sharma, 2013). As a result, customers would get a visual treat by watching those videos. Only written promotion through crispy and catchy tagline is not effective enough for the organization to draw the attention of international customers. Enhancing the range of target market: Donald B would have to strench their hands in the international market through Woolworths, Coles and Aldi. As a result, the brand along with chocolates can render varieties of products such as confectionery, crystallized or glazed fruit, drinking chocolate, liquorices, marshmallow, candied nut, and candied popcorn. As a result, the range of target customers would be increased automatically. Applying appropriate market mix strategies: Marketing mix strategy implies significance on product, price, promotion, people and place (Tukej, Golob Podnar, 2013). This very specific theory enables the organization to focus on five Ps primarily. As a result, customers can get a clear overview about the price level of the products along with its quality. Macro-environment: Macro-environment enables the business experts to evaluate political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal factors that have major impact on the overall success of a business. Definition Explanation of the trends Demographic Demographic factor primarily includes the average gender group of people, income status and age group Australia is constituted with the people of high level of income status from both male and female backgrounds. Therefore, the organization can target both male and female customers from average level of income status (Lin Huang, 2012). Economic The inhabitants of Australia are possessed with good economic backgrounds (Kesharwani Singh Bisht, 2012). As a result, the organization like Donald B does not have to face any challenge to set the price level of their products. As the economic strength of the country is high, customers do not have to face challenges in availing the products of Donald B. Natural This particular factor signifies the environment of the country. As per environmental report Australian whether is very much feasible for running chocolate manufacturing industry. Technological Technology is the application of implementing scientific knowledge in practical purpose With the emergence of advanced technology Donald B can control the entire business process in various geographical areas by sitting in Melbourne Political Government regulations, taxation policies leave major impact for the improvement of business Government taxation policies of Australia are very much flexible for running the entire process of business (Hudson Thal, 2013). Australia is not a country of politically chaos. As a result, Donald B does not have to face difficulties in paying government taxes. Cultural Cultures differ in language, communication, values and ethics. Australia is constituted with the people of different geographical and cultural backgrounds. As a result, Donald B should implement variety of products and services based on which people would like to show their interest in using the products. Conclusion: The primary reason of conducting an effective market analysis is to get an in-depth overview about customers needs and demands. With the dynamic progress of market trend, the needs and demands of the customers changes gradually. Donald B being one of the most flourishing chocolate manufacturers of Australia has decided to tie up with Woolworths, Coles and Aldi so that business experts can easily gain the attention of customers. The very specific study has made environmental analysis of Australia with the help of which the political, economic, technological, cultural and legal factors have been evaluated. In addition, in order to give a major market threat to the existing brands of Australia producing cocoa product, confectionery, crystallized or glazed fruit, drinking chocolate, liquorices, marshmallow, candied nut, candied popcorn, Donald B has conducted competitors analysis. In addition, as a new business setup the organization may have to face immense challenges in gaining customers attention. As a result, the business experts of Donald B have decided to launch their stores on Woolworths, Coles and Aldi. As a result, the organization can grab the attention of existing customers of Woolworths, Coles and Aldi. One of the most significant advantages of creating stores in those recognized brands are maintaining effective international business. Woolworths, Coles and Aldi these three brands are already occupied dominant places in the realm of supermarket industry all over the World. As a result, the organization would not have to follow additional strategies for entering in the new mar ket. While implementing several market analysis strategies the study has presented the point of views of numerous eminent scholars. References: Boztepe, A. (2012). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behavior.European Journal of Economic Political Studies,5(1). Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis.Journal of Business Research,66(1), 105-114. Cantallops, A. S., Salvi, F. (2014). New consumer behavior: A review of research on eWOM and hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,36, 41-51. Cheung, C. M., Thadani, D. R. (2012). 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